The long process of making a length of batik cloth begins with the cloth itself. The highest quality cloth producing the finest batik is known as primisima quality, followed by prima quality, biru blue quality, and merah red quality which is the coarsest. Batik tulis is the oldest form of batik making in Indonesia, where the wax is written or drawn tulis onto a length of fabric. The fabric is first thoroughly washed, then kneaded and dried.
Oil and a paste made from rice or cassava is then applied to stop the wax penetrating the fibers of the fabric. The process of pattern-making involves several stages. First, mencanting , the design phase where wax designs are applied to the fabric, usually using a traditional tool called a canting. It is an instrument consisting of a wooden handle and a small metal cup filled with melted wax.
The wax is heated and drawn or dripped out of the canting spout onto the fabric. The wax malam in Javanese is traditionally beeswax. It protects the selected, waxed areas of the fabric from being coloured in the dying process.
The art of batik is most highly developed in the island of Java in Indonesia. In Java, all the materials for the process are readily available — cotton and beeswax and plants from which different vegetable dyes are made. Indonesian batik predates written records: G. Rouffaer argues that the technique might have been introduced during the 6th or 7th century from India or Sri Lanka.
Brandes and the Indonesian archaeologist F. Sutjipto believe Indonesian batik is a native tradition, since another regions in Indonesia such as Toraja, Flores, Halmahera, and Papua, which were not directly influenced by Hinduism, have an age-old tradition of batik making.
Rouffaer reported that the gringsing pattern was already known by the 12th century in Kediri, East Java. He concluded that this delicate pattern could be created only by using the canting, an etching tool that holds a small reservoir of hot wax, and proposed that the canting was invented in Java around that time.
The carving details of clothes worn by East Javanese Prajnaparamita statues from around the 13th century show intricate floral patterns within rounded margins, similar to today's traditional Javanese jlamprang or ceplok batik motif. The motif is thought to represent the lotus, a sacred flower in Hindu-Buddhist beliefs. This evidence suggests that intricate batik fabric patterns applied with the canting existed in 13th-century Java or even earlier. In Europe, the technique was described for the first time in the History of Java, published in London in by Stamford Raffles, who had been a British governor for Bengkulu, Sumatra.
In the Dutch merchant Van Rijckevorsel gave the pieces he collected during a trip to Indonesia to the ethnographic museum in Rotterdam. Today the Tropenmuseum houses the biggest collection of Indonesian batik in the Netherlands. The Dutch and Chinese colonists were active in developing batik, particularly coastal batik, in the late colonial era.
They introduced new patterns as well as the use of the cap copper block stamps to mass-produce batiks. Displayed at the Exposition Universelle at Paris in , the Indonesian batik impressed the public and artists.
In the s, Javanese batik makers migrating to Malaya now Malaysia introduced the use of wax and copper blocks to its east coast. In Subsaharan Africa, Javanese batik was introduced in the 19th century by Dutch and English traders. The local people there adapted the Javanese batik, making larger motifs with thicker lines and more colours. In the s, batik was introduced to Australia, where aboriginal artists at Erna Bella have developed it as their own craft.
Supriyapto; Moeis, Xenia Jakarta: Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia. ISBN Archived from the original on 12 October Retrieved 10 October Oxford English Dictionary: Batik Dictionary. Oceanic Linguistics. JSTOR Skip to content. Summary Batik is a technique of wax-resist dyeing applied to whole cloth, or cloth made using this technique.
Batik is made either by drawing dots and lines of the resist with a spouted tool called a canting , or by printing the resist with a copper stamp called a cap. The applied wax resists dyes and therefore allows the artisan to colour selectively by soaking the cloth in one colour, removing the wax with boiling water, and repeating if multiple colours are desired.
Contemporary inland batik from Solo, Indonesia, with sidha drajat pattern. Photo by: Alteaven. Technique Firstly, a cloth is washed, soaked and beaten with a large mallet.
Application The popularity of batik in Indonesia has varied. Origin The batik industry of Java flourished from the late s to early s, but declined during the Japanese occupation of Indonesia. The Batik Guild.
Retrieved 29 April Steen, Deborah M. Fit in line. Retrieved 1 May Volkenkunde Rijksmuseum. Archived from the original on 2 May Fascinating Batik. Retrieved 30 April Fisika batik: implementasi kreatif melalui sifat fraktal pada batik secara komputasional. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama. The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 1 October Retrieved 12 March WhyGo Indonesia. Retrieved 15 April Archived from the original on 1 October Female Kompas. Retrieved 24 October Garuda Indonesia.
Archived from the original on 29 September Retrieved 10 May Archived from the original on 25 September Retrieved 9 April Antara News. Retrieved 9 July Padang Ekspres. Archived from the original on 17 August Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. The Branch. Deaf and Disability Studies. The size of the motifs also played a role, where the larger the motif in the pattern design, the higher their ranking in the Kingdom.
Over time, and through the introduction of the Islamic faith where the depiction of animals and humans is forbidden, batik patterns were slowly stylized to more floral motifs.
Traditionally, Batik is submerged in boiling water to get rid of wax as part of the process. Instead, you can place it between two pieces of paper towel and iron over it.
This way, the wax will stick to the paper towel, leaving the batik cloth ready to display! You can hang it up on your wall, put it into a frame, or if you have made more than one, turn them into a batik garland! Posted By Fahry Slatter on June 3,
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